1500+–+1599

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 * Dates || Characters || Theories and discoveries ||
 * 1514 || Nicolaus Copernicus || Writes about heliocentric theory but does not yet publish ||
 * 1515 || Leonardo Da Vinci || Progress in mechanics, aerodynamics and hydraulics ||
 * 1537 || Niccolo Tartaglia || Trajectory of a bullet ||
 * 1551 || Girolamo Cardano || Studies of falling bodies ||
 * 1553 || Giambattista Benedetti || Proposed equality of fall rates ||
 * 1543 || Nicolaus Copernicus || Heliocentric theory published ||
 * 1546 || Gerardus Mercator || Magnetic pole of Earth ||
 * 1572 || Tycho Brahe || Witnesses a supernova, this show that the heavens are not changeless ||
 * 1574 || Tycho Brahe || Observes that a comet is beyond the moon ||
 * 1576 || Tycho Brahe || Constructs a planetary observatory ||
 * 1576 || Thomas Digges || Illustration of an infinite universe surrounding a Copernican solar system ||
 * 1577 || Tycho Brahe || Observes that a comet passes through the orbits of other planets ||
 * 1581 || Galileo Galilei || Constancy of period of pendulum ||
 * 1581 || Robert Norman || Dip of compass shows that Earth is a magnet ||
 * 1584 || Giordano Bruno || Suggests that stars are suns with other Earth’s in orbit ||
 * 1585 || Giovanni Benedetti || Impetus theory is better than Aristotle’s physics ||
 * 1585 || Simon Stevin || Law of equilibrium ||
 * 1586 || Simon Stevin || Pressure in column of liquid ||
 * 1586 || Simon Stevin || Verification of equality of fall rates ||
 * 1589 || Galileo Galilei || Showed that objects fall at the same rate independent of mass ||
 * 1592 || Galileo Galilei || Suggests that physical laws of the heavens are the same as those on Earth ||
 * 1592 || Galileo Galilei || Primitive thermometer ||
 * 1593 || Johannes Kepler || Related planets to platonic solids ||
 * 1596 || David Fabricius || Observes a variable star, (Mira Ceta ||