500+–+1+BC

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 * Dates || Characters || Theories and discoveries ||
 * 585 BC || Thales of Miletus || Prediction of an eclipse ||
 * 580 BC || Thales of Miletus || Magnets and attraction to rubbed amber ||
 * 550 BC || Anaximenes || Flat Earth ||
 * 525 BC || Pythagoras || Understanding the world and mathematics ||
 * 520 BC || Anaximander || Earth surface is curved (cylinder) ||
 * 500 BC || Pythagoreans || Earth is a sphere ||
 * 480 BC || Oenopides || Finds angle of Earth’s tilt to ecliptic ||
 * 475 BC || Parmenides || Earth is a sphere ||
 * 470 BC || Anaxagoras || Materials are made of “seeds” (atoms) ||
 * 470 BC || Anaxagoras || Sun, moon and stars are made of same material as Earth ||
 * 470 BC || Anaxagoras || Sun as a hot glowing rock ||
 * 455 BC || Philolaus || Earth Rotates ||
 * 445 BC || Leucippus || Indivisble atoms ||
 * 425 BC || Democritus || Atomic theory ||
 * 390 BC || Plato || Theory of knowledge ||
 * 390 BC || Plato || Ether as a fifth element ||
 * 370 BC || Aristotle || Free falling bodies accelerate but heavier bodies fall faster ||
 * 360 BC || Heracleides || Venus and Mercury orbit the sun ||
 * 352 BC || Chinese || Recorded observation of a supernova ||
 * 350 BC || Heracleides || Rotation of the Earth ||
 * 340 BC || Aristotle || Earth is a sphere ||
 * 340 BC || Aristotle || Space is continuous and always filled with matter ||
 * 335 BC || Kiddinu || Precession of equinoxes ||
 * 335 BC || Strato || Experiments with falling bodies and levers ||
 * 330 BC || Aristotle || Physics and metaphysics ||
 * 330 BC || Aristotle || Geocentric cosmology ||
 * 325 BC || Pytheas || Tides are caused by moon ||
 * 306 BC || Epicurus || Support for atomic theory ||
 * 265 BC || Zou Yan || Five elements: water, metal, wood, fire and earth ||
 * 260 BC || Aristarchus of Samos || Ratio of Earth-Sun distance to Earth-Moon distance from angle at half moon ||
 * 260 BC || Aristarchus of Samos || Distance and size of moon from Earth’s shadow during lunar eclipse ||
 * 240 BC || Archimedes || Principle of levers and compound pulley ||
 * 240 BC || Archimedes || Archimedes’ principle of hydrostatics ||
 * 235 BC || Eratosthenes || Measurement of Earth’s circumference ||
 * 170 BC || Chinese || Record of sun spots ||
 * 150 BC || Hipparchus || Precession of the equinoxes ||
 * 130 BC || Hipparchus || Size of moon from parallax of eclipse ||